Using the edited and published memoirs of missionary wives as a lens, I argue that maternity served a far more complex role in American public life than has previously been acknowledged. Yet as their own writing frequently revealed, missionary wives themselves largely failed to conform to the rigorous strictures of early republican maternity. In joining missions, they planned to convert foreign women, transform family and gender relations, and protect supposedly vulnerable children. This trope of the purportedly harmful, "heathen" mother served as powerful motivation for American women who hoped to evangelize overseas by marrying missionaries. In popular texts, such women were frequently depicted as harmful mothers who abused, neglected, or killed their own children, and their conversion to Christianity was touted as the only path toward their reformation.
In the early nineteenth century, as the first generation of missionaries departed for foreign locations-including India, Burma, and the Sandwich Islands-concern began to mount over the behavior of foreign mothers who were neither white nor Christian. Ann Judson is considered to be one of the first lady missionary out to the foreign land. This essay examines motherhood in the context of the United States' first foreign missionary movement. Ann Hasseltine Judson (Episode -1 Introduction) Ann Judson is.
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